Step 6. Event enrichment

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This is an optional step of the Installation Wizard. On the Event enrichment tab of the Installation Wizard, you can specify which data from which sources should be added to events processed by the collector. Events can be enriched with data obtained using enrichment rules or LDAP.

Rule-based enrichment

There can be more than one enrichment rule. You can add them by clicking the Add enrichment button and can remove them by clicking the button. You can use existing enrichment rules or create rules directly in the Installation Wizard.

To add an existing enrichment rule to a set of resources:

1. Click Add enrichment.

   This opens the enrichment rules settings block.

2. In the Enrichment rule drop-down list, select the relevant resource.

The enrichment rule is added to the set of resources for the collector.

To create a new enrichment rule in a set of resources:

1. Click Add enrichment.

   This opens the enrichment rules settings block.

2. In the Enrichment rule drop-down list, select Create new.
3. In the Source kind drop-down list, select the source of data for enrichment and define its corresponding settings:
   • constant

     This type of enrichment is used when a constant needs to be added to an event field. Settings of this type of enrichment:

     • In the Constant field, specify the value that should be added to the event field. The value may not be longer than 255 Unicode characters. If you leave this field blank, the existing event field value will be cleared.
     • In the Target field drop-down list, select the KUMA event field to which you want to write the data.

     If you are using the event enrichment functions for extended schema fields of "String", "Number", or "Float" type with a constant, the constant is added to the field.

     If you are using the event enrichment functions for extended schema fields of "Array of strings", "Array of numbers", or "Array of floats" type with a constant, the constant is added to the elements of the array.

   • dictionary

     This type of enrichment is used if you need to add a value from the dictionary of the Dictionary type.

     When this type is selected in the Dictionary name drop-down list, you must select the dictionary that will provide the values. In the Key fields settings block, you have to click the Add field button and select the event fields whose values will be used for dictionary entry selection.

     If you are using event enrichment with the "Dictionary" type selected as the "Source kind" setting, and an array field is specified in the "Key enrichment fields" setting, when an array is passed as the dictionary key, the array is serialized into a string in accordance with the rules of serializing a single value in the TSV format.

     Example: The "Key enrichment fields" setting uses the SA.StringArrayOne extended schema field. The SA.StringArrayOne extended schema field contains 3 elements: "a", "b" and "c". The following value is passed to the dictionary as the key: ['a','b','c'].

     If the "Key enrichment fields" setting uses an extended schema array field and a regular event schema field, the field values are separated by the "|" character when the dictionary is queried.

     Example: The "Key enrichment fields" setting uses two fields: the SA.StringArrayOne extended schema field and the Code field. The SA.StringArrayOne extended schema field contains 3 elements: "a", "b", and "c"; the Code string field contains the character sequence "myCode". The following value is passed to the dictionary as the key: ['a','b','c']|myCode.

   • event

     This type of enrichment is used when you need to write a value from another event field to the current event field. Settings of this type of enrichment:

     • In the Target field drop-down list, select the KUMA event field to which you want to write the data.
     • In the Source field drop-down list, select the event field whose value will be written to the target field.
     • In the Conversion settings block, you can create rules for modifying the original data before it is written to the KUMA event fields. The conversion type can be selected from the drop-down list. You can click the Add conversion and Delete buttons to add or delete a conversion, respectively. The order of conversions is important.

       Available conversions

       Conversions are changes that can be applied to a value before it gets written to the event field. The conversion type is selected from a drop-down list.

       Available conversions:

       • lower—is used to make all characters of the value lowercase
       • upper—is used to make all characters of the value uppercase
       • regexp – used to convert a value using the regular expression RE2. When this conversion type is selected, the field appears where regular expression should be added.
       • substring—is used to extract characters in the position range specified in the Start and End fields. These fields appear when this conversion type is selected.
       • replace—is used to replace specified character sequence with the other character sequence. When this type of conversion is selected, new fields appear:
         • Replace chars—in this field you can specify the character sequence that should be replaced.
         • With chars—in this field you can specify the characters sequence should be used instead of replaced characters.
       • trim—used to simultaneously remove the characters specified in the Chars field from the leading and end positions of the value. The field appears when this type of conversion is selected. For example, a trim conversion with the Micromon value applied to Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon results in soft-Windows-Sys.
       • append is used to add the characters specified in the Constant field to the end of the event field value. The field appears when this type of conversion is selected.
       • prepend—used to prepend the characters specified in the Constant field to the start of the event field value. The field appears when this type of conversion is selected.
       • replace with regexp—is used to replace RE2 regular expression results with the character sequence.
         • Expression—in this field you can specify the regular expression which results that should be replaced.
         • With chars—in this field you can specify the characters sequence should be used instead of replaced characters.
       • Converting encoded strings to text:
         • decodeHexString—used to convert a HEX string to text.
         • decodeBase64String—used to convert a Base64 string to text.
         • decodeBase64URLString—used to convert a Base64url string to text.

         When converting a corrupted string or if conversion error occur, corrupted data may be written to the event field.

         During event enrichment, if the length of the encoded string exceeds the size of the field of the normalized event, the string is truncated and is not decoded.

         If the length of the decoded string exceeds the size of the event field into which the decoded value is to be written, such a string is truncated to fit the size of the event field.

       Conversions when using the extended event schema

       Whether or not a conversion can be used depends on the type of extended event schema field being used:

       • For an additional field of the "String" type, all types of conversions are available.
       • For fields of the "Number" and "Float" types, the following types of conversions are available: regexp, substring, replace, trim, append, prepend, replaceWithRegexp, decodeHexString, decodeBase64String, decodeBase64URLString.
       • For fields of "Array of strings", "Array of numbers", and "Array of floats" types, the following types of conversions are available: append, prepend.

   • template

     This type of enrichment is used when you need to write a value obtained by processing Go templates into the event field. Settings of this type of enrichment:

     • Put the Go template into the Template field.

       Event field names are passed in the {{.EventField}} format, where EventField is the name of the event field from which the value must be passed to the script.

       Example: Attack on {{.DestinationAddress}} from {{.SourceAddress}}.

     • In the Target field drop-down list, select the KUMA event field to which you want to write the data.

     To convert the data in an array field in a template into the TSV format, you must use the toString function.

     If you are using enrichment of events that have the "Template" type selected as the "Source kind" setting, in which the target field has the "String" type, and the source field is an extended event schema field containing an array of strings, you can use one of the following examples for the template.

     Example:

     {{.SA.StringArrayOne}}

     Example:

     {{- range $index, $element := . SA.StringArrayOne -}}

     {{- if $index}}, {{end}}"{{$element}}"{{- end -}}

   • dns

     This type of enrichment is used to send requests to a private network DNS server to convert IP addresses into domain names or vice versa. IP addresses are converted to DNS names only for private addresses: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, 100.64.0.0/10.

     Available settings:

     • URL—in this field, you can specify the URL of a DNS server to which you want to send requests. You can click the Add URL button to specify multiple URLs.
     • RPS—maximum number of requests sent to the server per second. The default value is 1,000.
     • Workers—maximum number of requests per one point in time. The default value is 1.
     • Max tasks—maximum number of simultaneously fulfilled requests. By default, this value is equal to the number of vCPUs of the KUMA Core server.
     • Cache TTL—the lifetime of the values stored in the cache. The default value is 60.
     • Cache disabled—you can use this drop-down list to enable or disable caching. Caching is enabled by default.
   • cybertrace

     This type of enrichment is used to add information from CyberTrace data streams to event fields.

     Available settings:

     • URL (required)—in this field, you can specify the URL of a CyberTrace server to which you want to send requests.
     • Number of connections—maximum number of connections to the CyberTrace server that can be simultaneously established by KUMA. By default, this value is equal to the number of vCPUs of the KUMA Core server.
     • RPS—maximum number of requests sent to the server per second. The default value is 1,000.
     • Timeout—amount of time to wait for a response from the CyberTrace server, in seconds. The default value is 30.
     • Mapping (required)—this settings block contains the mapping table for mapping KUMA event fields to CyberTrace indicator types. The KUMA field column shows the names of KUMA event fields, and the CyberTrace indicator column shows the types of CyberTrace indicators.

       Available types of CyberTrace indicators:

       • ip
       • url
       • hash

       In the mapping table, you must provide at least one string. You can click the Add row button to add a string, and can click the button to remove a string.

   • timezone

     This type of enrichment is used in collectors and correlators to assign a specific timezone to an event. Timezone information may be useful when searching for events that occurred at unusual times, such as nighttime.

     When this type of enrichment is selected, the required timezone must be selected from the Timezone drop-down list.

     Make sure that the required time zone is set on the server hosting the enrichment-utilizing service. For example, you can do this by using the timedatectl list-timezones command, which shows all time zones that are set on the server. For more details on setting time zones, please refer to your operating system documentation.

     When an event is enriched, the time offset of the selected timezone relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is written to the DeviceTimeZone event field in the +-hh:mm format. For example, if you select the Asia/Yekaterinburg timezone, the value +05:00 will be written to the DeviceTimeZone field. If the enriched event already has a value in the DeviceTimeZone field, it will be overwritten.

     By default, if the timezone is not specified in the event being processed and enrichment rules by timezone are not configured, the event is assigned the timezone of the server hosting the service (collector or correlator) that processes the event. If the server time is changed, the service must be restarted.

     Permissible time formats when enriching the DeviceTimeZone field

     When processing incoming raw events in the collector, the following time formats can be automatically converted to the +-hh:mm format:

     Time format in a processed event	Example
     +-hh:mm	-07:00
     +-hhmm	-0700
     +-hh	-07

     If the date format in the DeviceTimeZone field differs from the formats listed above, the collector server timezone is written to the field when an event is enriched with timezone information. You can create custom normalization rules for non-standard time formats.

   • geographic data

     This type of enrichment is used to add IP address geographic data to event fields. Learn more about linking IP addresses to geographic data.

     When this type is selected, in the Mapping geographic data to event fields settings block, you must specify from which event field the IP address will be read, select the required attributes of geographic data, and define the event fields in which geographic data will be written:

     1. In the Event field with IP address drop-down list, select the event field from which the IP address is read. Geographic data uploaded to KUMA is matched against this IP address.

        You can click the Add event field with IP address button to specify multiple event fields with IP addresses that require geographic data enrichment. You can delete event fields added in this way by clicking the Delete event field with IP address button.

        When the SourceAddress, DestinationAddress, and DeviceAddress event fields are selected, the Apply default mapping button becomes available. You can click this button to add preconfigured mapping pairs of geographic data attributes and event fields.

     2. For each event field you need to read the IP address from, select the type of geographic data and the event field to which the geographic data should be written.

        You can click the Add geodata attribute button to add field pairs for Geodata attribute – Event field to write to. You can also configure different types of geographic data for one IP address to be written to different event fields. To delete a field pair, click .

        • In the Geodata attribute field, select which geographic data corresponding to the read IP address should be written to the event. Available geographic data attributes: Country, Region, City, Longitude, Latitude.
        • In the Event field to write to, select the event field which the selected geographic data attribute must be written to.

        You can write identical geographic data attributes to different event fields. If you configure multiple geographic data attributes to be written to the same event field, the event will be enriched with the last mapping in the sequence.

4. Use the Debug drop-down list to indicate whether or not to enable logging of service operations. Logging is disabled by default.
5. In the Filter section, you can specify conditions to identify events that will be processed by the enrichment rule resource. You can select an existing filter from the drop-down list or create a new filter.

   Creating a filter in resources

   1. In the Filter drop-down list, select Create new.
   2. If you want to keep the filter as a separate resource, select the Save filter check box.

      In this case, you will be able to use the created filter in various services.

      This check box is cleared by default.

   3. If you selected the Save filter check box, enter a name for the created filter resource in the Name field. The name must contain 1 to 128 Unicode characters.
   4. In the Conditions settings block, specify the conditions that the events must meet:
      1. Click the Add condition button.
      2. In the Left operand and Right operand drop-down lists, specify the search parameters.

         Depending on the data source selected in the Right operand field, you may see fields of additional parameters that you need to use to define the value that will be passed to the filter. For example, when choosing active list you will need to specify the name of the active list, the entry key, and the entry key field.

      3. In the operator drop-down list, select the relevant operator.

         Filter operators

         • =—the left operand equals the right operand.
         • <—the left operand is less than the right operand.
         • <=—the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
         • >—the left operand is greater than the right operand.
         • >=—the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
         • inSubnet—the left operand (IP address) is in the subnet of the right operand (subnet).
         • contains—the left operand contains values of the right operand.
         • startsWith—the left operand starts with one of the values of the right operand.
         • endsWith—the left operand ends with one of the values of the right operand.
         • match—the left operand matches the regular expression of the right operand. The RE2 regular expressions are used.
         • hasBit—checks whether the left operand (string or number) contains bits whose positions are listed in the right operand (in a constant or in a list).

           The value to be checked is converted to binary and processed right to left. Chars are checked whose index is specified as a constant or a list.

           If the value being checked is a string, then an attempt is made to convert it to integer and process it in the way described above. If the string cannot be converted to a number, the filter returns False.

         • hasVulnerability—checks whether the left operand contains an asset with the vulnerability and vulnerability severity specified in the right operand.

           If you do not specify the ID and severity of the vulnerability, the filter is triggered if the asset in the event being checked has any vulnerability.

         • inActiveList—this operator has only one operand. Its values are selected in the Key fields field and are compared with the entries in the active list selected from the Active List drop-down list.
         • inDictionary—checks whether the specified dictionary contains an entry defined by the key composed with the concatenated values of the selected event fields.
         • inCategory—the asset in the left operand is assigned at least one of the asset categories of the right operand.
         • inActiveDirectoryGroup—the Active Directory account in the left operand belongs to one of the Active Directory groups in the right operand.
         • TIDetect—this operator is used to find events using CyberTrace Threat Intelligence (TI) data. This operator can be used only on events that have completed enrichment with data from CyberTrace Threat Intelligence. In other words, it can only be used in collectors at the destination selection stage and in correlators.
         • inContextTable—presence of the entry in the specified context table.
         • intersect—presence in the left operand of the list items specified in the right operand.
      4. If necessary, select the do not match case check box. When this check box is selected, the operator ignores the case of the values.

         The selection of this check box does not apply to the InSubnet, InActiveList, InCategory or InActiveDirectoryGroup operators.

         This check box is cleared by default.

      5. If you want to add a negative condition, select If not from the If drop-down list.
      6. You can add multiple conditions or a group of conditions.
   5. If you have added multiple conditions or groups of conditions, choose a search condition (and, or, not) by clicking the AND button.
   6. If you want to add existing filters that are selected from the Select filter drop-down list, click the Add filter button.

      You can view the nested filter settings by clicking the button.

The new enrichment rule was added to the set of resources for the collector.

LDAP enrichment

To enable enrichment using LDAP:

1. Click Add enrichment with LDAP data.

   This opens the settings block for LDAP enrichment.

2. In the LDAP accounts mapping settings block, click the New domain button to specify the domain of the user accounts. You can specify multiple domains.
3. In the LDAP mapping table, define the rules for mapping KUMA fields to LDAP attributes:
   • In the KUMA field column, indicate the KUMA event field which data should be compared to LDAP attribute.
   • In the LDAP attribute column, specify the attribute that must be compared with the KUMA event field. The drop-down list contains standard attributes and can be augmented with custom attributes.

     Before configuring event enrichment using custom attributes, make sure that custom attributes are configured in AD.

     To enrich events with accounts using custom attributes:

     1. Add Custom AD Account Attributes in the LDAP connection settings.

        Standard imported attributes from AD cannot be added as custom attributes. For example, if you add the standard accountExpires attribute as a custom attribute, KUMA returns an error when saving the connection settings.

        The following account attributes can be requested from Active Directory:

        • accountExpires
        • badPasswordTime
        • cn
        • co
        • company
        • department
        • description
        • displayName
        • distinguishedName
        • division
        • employeeID
        • givenName
        • l
        • lastLogon
        • lastLogonTimestamp
        • Mail
        • mailNickname
        • managedObjects
        • manager
        • memberOf (this attribute can be used for search during correlation)
        • mobile
        • name
        • objectCategory
        • objectGUID (this attribute always requested from Active Directory even if a user doesn't specify it)
        • objectSID
        • physicalDeliveryOfficeName
        • pwdLastSet
        • sAMAccountName
        • sAMAccountType
        • sn
        • streetAddress
        • telephoneNumber
        • title
        • userAccountControl
        • UserPrincipalName
        • whenChanged
        • whenCreated

        After you add custom attributes in the LDAP connection settings, the LDAP attribute to receive drop-down list in the collector automatically includes the new attributes. Custom attributes are identified by a question mark next to the attribute name. If you added the same attribute for multiple domains, the attribute is listed only once in the drop-down list. You can view the domains by moving your cursor over the question mark. Domain names are displayed as links. If you click a link, the domain is automatically added to LDAP accounts mapping if it was not previously added.

        If you deleted a custom attribute in the LDAP connection settings, manually delete the row containing the attribute from the mapping table in the collector. Account attribute information in KUMA is updated each time you import accounts.  

     2. Import accounts.
     3. In the collector, in the LDAP mapping table, define the rules for mapping KUMA fields to LDAP attributes.
     4. Restart the collector.

        After the collector is restarted, KUMA begins enriching events with accounts.

         

   • In the KUMA event field to write to column, specify in which field of the KUMA event the ID of the user account imported from LDAP should be placed if the mapping was successful.

   You can click the Add row button to add a string to the table, and can click the button to remove a string. You can click the Apply default mapping button to fill the mapping table with standard values.

Event enrichment rules for data received from LDAP were added to the group of resources for the collector.

If you add an enrichment to an existing collector using LDAP or change the enrichment settings, you must stop and restart the service.

Proceed to the next step of the Installation Wizard.